B & B Cactus Free Baby Saguaro Cactus
| B | |
|---|---|
| B b | |
| (Run into below) | |
 | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Latin script English alphabet ISO basic Latin alphabet |
| Type | Alphabetic |
| Language of origin | Latin language |
| Phonetic usage |
|
| Unicode codepoint | U+0042, U+0062 |
| Alphabetical position | ii Numerical value: 2 |
| History | |
| Development |
|
| Time period | unknown to present |
| Descendants |
|
| Sisters |
|
| Variations | (See below) |
| Other | |
| Other letters usually used with | bv bh bp bm bf |
| Associated numbers | 2 |
B, or b, is the 2nd letter of the Latin-script alphabet. Its proper noun in English is bee (pronounced ), plural bees.[1] [2] It represents the voiced bilabial terminate in many languages, including English. In some other languages, it is used to represent other bilabial consonants.
History
| Egyptian Pr | Phoenician bēt | Etruscan B | Greek beta | Latin B |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  |  |  |
Old English was originally written in runes, whose equivalent letter of the alphabet was beorc ⟨ ᛒ ⟩, meaning "birch". Beorc dates to at to the lowest degree the 2nd-century Elder Futhark, which is at present idea to take derived from the Old Italic alphabets' ⟨ 𐌁 ⟩ either direct or via Latin ⟨
⟩.
The uncial ⟨
⟩ and half-uncial ⟨
⟩ introduced by the Gregorian and Irish missions gradually adult into the Insular scripts' ⟨
⟩. These Old English Latin alphabets supplanted the earlier runes, whose use was fully banned under King Canute in the early on 11th century. The Norman Conquest popularised the Carolingian half-uncial forms which latter developed into blackletter ⟨
⟩. Around 1300, letter of the alphabet case was increasingly distinguished, with upper- and lower-case B taking separate meanings. Post-obit the appearance of printing in the 15th century, Holy Roman Empire (Germany) and Scandinavia continued to use forms of blackletter (particularly Fraktur), while England eventually adopted the humanist and antiqua scripts developed in Renaissance Italia from a combination of Roman inscriptions and Carolingian texts. The nowadays forms of the English cursive B were developed past the 17th century.
The Roman ⟨B⟩ derived from the Greek capital beta ⟨ Β ⟩ via its Etruscan and Cumaean variants. The Greek letter was an adaptation of the Phoenician letter bēt ⟨ 𐤁 ⟩.[3] The Egyptian hieroglyph for the consonant /b/ had been an image of a pes and calf ⟨
⟩,[iv] but bēt (Phoenician for "house") was a modified form of a Proto-Sinaitic glyph ⟨
⟩ probably adapted from the separate hieroglyph Pr ⟨ 
⟩ significant "house".[5] [half dozen] The Hebrew letter beth ⟨ ב ⟩ is a separate development of the Phoenician letter.[3]
By Byzantine times, the Greek letter ⟨ Β ⟩ came to be pronounced /v/,[3] and so that information technology is known in modern Greek as víta (still written βήτα ). The Cyrillic letter of the alphabet ve ⟨ В ⟩ represents the same sound, so a modified course known as be ⟨ Б ⟩ was developed to stand for the Slavic languages' /b/.[3] (Modern Greek continues to lack a letter for the voiced bilabial plosive and transliterates such sounds from other languages using the digraph/consonant cluster ⟨ μπ ⟩, mp.)
Utilise in writing systems
English language
In English, ⟨b⟩ denotes the voiced bilabial stop /b/, every bit in bib. In English, it is sometimes silent. This occurs particularly in words ending in ⟨mb⟩, such as lamb and flop, some of which originally had a /b/ audio, while some had the letter of the alphabet ⟨b⟩ added by analogy (see Phonological history of English consonant clusters). The ⟨b⟩ in debt, doubt, subtle, and related words was added in the 16th century as an etymological spelling, intended to make the words more similar their Latin originals (debitum, dubito, subtilis).
As /b/ is one of the sounds subject to Grimm'southward Constabulary, words which accept ⟨b⟩ in English and other Germanic languages may find their cognates in other Indo-European languages appearing with ⟨bh⟩, ⟨p⟩, ⟨f⟩ or ⟨φ⟩ instead.[iii] For example, compare the various cognates of the word blood brother. It is the seventh to the lowest degree often used letter in the English language (after V, K, J, X, Q, and Z), with a frequency of most 1.5% in words.
Other languages
Many other languages besides English use ⟨b⟩ to represent a voiced bilabial finish.
In Estonian, Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Scottish Gaelic and Mandarin Chinese Pinyin, ⟨b⟩ does not denote a voiced consonant. Instead, it represents a voiceless /p/ that contrasts with either a geminated /p:/ (in Estonian) or an aspirated /ph/ (in Danish, Faroese, Icelandic, Scottish Gaelic and Pinyin) represented by ⟨p⟩. In Fijian ⟨b⟩ represents a prenasalised /mb/, whereas in Zulu and Xhosa it represents an implosive /ɓ/, in contrast to the digraph ⟨bh⟩ which represents /b/. Finnish uses ⟨b⟩ only in loanwords.
Phonetic transcription
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, [b] is used to represent the voiced bilabial stop phone. In phonological transcription systems for specific languages, /b/ may exist used to stand for a lenis phoneme, not necessarily voiced, that contrasts with fortis /p/ (which may accept greater aspiration, tenseness or elapsing).
Other uses
B is likewise a musical annotation. In English language-speaking countries, it represents Si, the 12th note of a chromatic scale built on C. In Key Europe and Scandinavia, "B" is used to denote B-flat and the 12th note of the chromatic calibration is denoted "H". Archaic forms of 'b', the b quadratum (square b, ♮ ) and b rotundum (round b, ♭ ) are used in musical notation every bit the symbols for natural and flat, respectively.
In Contracted (grade 2) English braille, 'b' stands for "but" when in isolation.
In computer scientific discipline, B is the symbol for byte, a unit of information storage.
In engineering science, B is the symbol for bel, a unit of level.
In chemistry, B is the symbol for boron, a chemical element.
The claret-type B emoji (🅱️) was added in Unicode 6.0 in 2010, and became a popular internet meme in 2018 where letters would be replaced with the emoji.[7]
Ancestors, descendants and siblings
- 𐤁 : Semitic letter Bet, from which the following symbols originally derive
- Β β : Greek letter Beta, from which B derives
- Ⲃ ⲃ Coptic alphabetic character Bēta, which derives from Greek Beta
- В в : Cyrillic alphabetic character Ve, which also derives from Beta
- Б б : Cyrillic letter Be, which also derives from Beta
- ʙ : A small capital B, used as the lowercase B in a number of alphabets during romanization
- 𐌁 : Old Italic B, which derives from Greek Beta
- ᛒ : Runic letter Berkanan, which probably derives from Sometime Italic B
- 𐌱 : Gothic letter bercna, which derives from Greek Beta
- IPA-specific symbols related to B: ɓ ʙ β
- B with diacritics: Ƀ ƀ Ḃ ḃ Ḅ ḅ Ḇ ḇ Ɓ ɓ ᵬ[8] ᶀ[nine]
- Ꞗ ꞗ : B with flourish
- ᴃ ᴯ B b : Barred B and various modifier messages are used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet.[ten]
- Ƃ ƃ : B with topbar
Derived ligatures, abbreviations, signs and symbols
- ␢ : U+2422 ␢ Bare SYMBOL
- ฿ : Thai baht
- ₿ : Bitcoin
- ♭: The flat in music, mentioned above, yet closely resembles lowercase b.
Code points
These are the code points for the forms of the letter in various systems
| Preview | B | b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | LATIN Majuscule Letter B | LATIN SMALL Letter of the alphabet B | ||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 66 | U+0042 | 98 | U+0062 |
| UTF-8 | 66 | 42 | 98 | 62 |
| Numeric character reference | B | B | b | b |
| EBCDIC family | 194 | C2 | 130 | 82 |
| ASCII i | 66 | 42 | 98 | 62 |
- one Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.
Other representations
Use equally a number
In the hexadecimal (base of operations 16) numbering organization, B is a number that corresponds to the number 11 in decimal (base 10) counting.
References
- ^ "B", Oxford English language Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford Academy Press, 1989
- ^ "B", Merriam-Webster'southward third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged, 1993
- ^ a b c d due east Baynes, T. South., ed. (1878), , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. three (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 173
- ^ Schumann-Antelme, Ruth; Rossini, Stéphane (1998), Illustrated Hieroglyphics Handbook, English translation by Sterling Publishing (2002), pp. 22–23, ISBN1-4027-0025-3
- ^ Goldwasser, Orly (March–April 2010), "How the Alphabet Was Born from Hieroglyphs", Biblical Archæology Review, vol. 36, Washington: Biblical Archæology Society, ISSN 0098-9444, archived from the original on 30 June 2016, retrieved xi August 2015
- ^ Information technology also resembles the hieroglyph for /h/ ⟨
⟩ meaning "manor" or "reed shelter". - ^ "B Button Emoji 🅱". Know Your Meme. Archived from the original on 25 Jan 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
- ^ Constable, Peter (xxx September 2003). "L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- ^ Lawman, Peter (19 April 2004). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add together additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on eleven Oct 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (20 March 2002). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
External links
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B
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